What is IL-2?
Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is a protein that is produced in very small amounts by leucocytes. With molecular biological techniques large quantities can be produced. IL-2 has many functions. Its main function is the stimulation of immune reactions (T lymphocytes, NK cells). IL-2 is also known to induce vascular leakage. Vascular leakage syndrome is a major complication of systemic IL-2 therapy, but not of local IL-2 therapy.
Mechanism of IL-2 therapy of cancer
IL-2 is used to treat cancer.
Initially IL-2 was applied systemically; this leads to very limited therapeutic effects and high toxicity. In contrast, we have focused on local IL-2 treatment. Application of IL-2 at the site of the tumour causes hardly any toxicity and often leads to partial or complete tumour regression or even to cures.
Initially IL-2 was applied systemically; this leads to very limited therapeutic effects and high toxicity. In contrast, we have focused on local IL-2 treatment. Application of IL-2 at the site of the tumour causes hardly any toxicity and often leads to partial or complete tumour regression or even to cures.
Local IL-2 therapy of cancer
We focus on application of IL-2 therapy at the site of the tumour (local IL-2 therapy). Generally this leads to about 50-70% objective responses. Local IL-2 therapy is hardly toxic; it only causes local inflammation at the site of injection.
We are studying the mechanism of tumour regression induced by local IL-2 application; both vascular leakage and immune stimulation seem to be involved. Histological studies show that local IL-2 application induces edema. This will cause reduced supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumour cells. This increases necrosis. The dead cells will lead to an immune reaction, because cured mice and cured guinea pigs are specifically immune to the original tumour.
We are studying the mechanism of tumour regression induced by local IL-2 application; both vascular leakage and immune stimulation seem to be involved. Histological studies show that local IL-2 application induces edema. This will cause reduced supply of nutrients and oxygen to the tumour cells. This increases necrosis. The dead cells will lead to an immune reaction, because cured mice and cured guinea pigs are specifically immune to the original tumour.
